Inflected forms of Japanese verbs
Not only Japanese but also World's languages have verbs as one of the elements that make up sentences. Japanese verbs vary slightly in complexity. The theme this time is verbs.
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| Inflected form of the verb |
Here, I will explain how the verb "書く（かく kaku）=Write" changes from the verbs that you often use when learning Japanese.
These may be different from the notation used in actual Japanese language schools.
Inflected forms of Japanese verbs
1.Basic form
2.Verb + 「ます masu」
3.Verb + 「ない nai」= Negative form
4.Verb + 「て te」
5.Verb + 「た ta」= Past tense
6.Imperative form
7.Forbidden form
8.Passive and respectful forms
9.Let form
10.Let - Passive form
11.If ~ form
12.Let's~ form
2.Verb + 「ます masu」
3.Verb + 「ない nai」= Negative form
4.Verb + 「て te」
5.Verb + 「た ta」= Past tense
6.Imperative form
7.Forbidden form
8.Passive and respectful forms
9.Let form
10.Let - Passive form
11.If ~ form
12.Let's~ form
1.Basic form
This is the basic form.
I write.
「書く（かく kaku）」
2.Verb + 「ます masu」
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "ます masu" added.
I write.
「書く（かく kaku）」 + 「ます masu」
⇒ 書きます（かきます kaki-masu）
3.Verb + 「ない nai」= Negative form
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "ない nai" added.
I don't write.
"書く（かく kaku）" + "ない nai"
⇒ 書かない（かかない kaka-nai）
4.Verb + 「て te」
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "て te.".
Mainly "I am writing."
"書く（かく kaku）" + 'て te'
⇒ 書いて（かいて kai-te）
書いて（かいて kai-te）+ 「ます masu」
書いて（かいて kai-te）+ 「ない nai」
5.Verb + 「た ta」= Past tense
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "た ta.".
I wrote.
"書く（かく kaku）" + 'た ta'
⇒ 書いた（かいた kai-ta）
6.Imperative form
This is a variation of the basic shape "書く".
Write!
7.Forbidden form
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "な na".
Don't write!
"書く（かく kaku）" + "な na"
⇒ 書くな（かくな kaku-na）
8.Passive and respectful forms
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "れる reru" added.
~be written~.
"書く（かく kaku）" + "れる reru"
⇒ 書かれる（かかれる kaka-reru）
9.Let form
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "せる seru" added.
(I) let (him) write.
"書く（かく kaku）" + "せる seru"
⇒ 書かせる（かかせる kaka-seru）
10.Let - Passive form
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "せられる serareru" added.
(I) was written by (him).
"書く（かく kaku）" + "せられる serareru"
⇒ 書かせられる（かかせられる kaka- serareru）
⇒ 書かされる（かかされる kaka-sareru）
11.If ~ form
This is the basic form "書く" with the word "ば ba" or "ら ra"added.
If (you) write ~,
"書く（かく kaku）" + "ば ba"
⇒ 書けば（かけば kake-ba）
"書く（かく kaku）"+ "ら ra" (Past tense + ら)
⇒ 書いたら（かいたら kaita-ra）
12.Let's ~ form
This is the basic form "書く" followed by the word "う u".
Let's write!
"書く（かく kaku）" + 'う u'
⇒ 書こう（かこう kako-u）
⇒ 書こう（かこう kako-u）
In this way, there are different verb's forms in Japanese. However, some verbs change differently. For example, "て te" changes to "で de.". To master correct Japanese, it is necessary for you to understand the basic form and read and listen to a lot of Japanese.
See you.
